Polysorbates are made by reacting ethylene oxide (a gas) with sorbitan esters (derivatives of sorbitol, another sugar alcohol similar in function to mannitol). Polysorbates are generally used in combination other emulsifiers such as mono- and diglycerides or sorbitan monostearates for various purposes such as to disperse flavours and colours, to make essential oils and vitamins soluble and to improve volume and texture in baked goods.

Widely used as an emulsifier or solubiliser in a variety of foods including bakery products and in cosmetics and other industrial products.

Conflicting reports argue that large amounts may or may not cause flatulence, diarrhoea and abdominal distension.

On the list of known and suspected Teratogens.

Also see E433, E434, E435 and E436.